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May 20, 2011 - No. 85

Windsor Meeting on Cuba's Economic Reforms

Strengthening the Economic Base for
Development of the Country


Windsor, May 6, 2011

Windsor Meeting on Cuba's Economic Reforms
Strengthening the Economic Base for Development of the Country

Campaign to Free the Cuban Five
New International Campaign Demands Freedom for the Cuban Five
Contracts Reveal Miami Journalists on U.S. Government Payroll - Radio Havana Cuba
Case of the Cuban Five and the Media - Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada, CubaDebate

Continued Attempts to Undermine Revolutionary Cuba
Informative Note from the Revolutionary Government
Cuba Despises Lies - Freddy Pérez Cabrera, Granma International
Fabricating Pretexts -- Disinformation Campaigns Directed Against Cuba - Granma International

Latin America and Carribean
Preparatory Meeting for OAS Counter Organisation, CELAC, Held in Venezuela - Rachael Boothroyd, Venezuelanalysis.com


Windsor Meeting on Cuba's Economic Reforms

Strengthening the Economic Base for
Development of the Country

On May 6, the Canadian Cuban Friendship Association of Windsor held a public meeting on Socialism in 21st Century Cuba addressed by Jorge Soberón, Consul General of the Cuban Consulate in Toronto. The event was organized as part of the Mayworks Project in Windsor and brought together a diverse audience made up of workers, students, artists, journalists and members of the Cuba solidarity movement. The meeting was hosted by Artcite, Windsor's artist-run centre and an important hub of the Mayworks project.

Showing the historic nature of relations between Canada and Cuba, Professor Howard Pawley, former premier of Manitoba and founding member of the CCFA-Windsor welcomed Soberón to Windsor. Pawley explained that he has been involved in solidarity with Cuba since the 1960s and was proud of this work. He highlighted the great support in Canada for Cuba, citing the over 900,000 Canadians who visited Cuba last year as a concrete example.

Soberón then opened the presentation, placing the economic changes taking place in Cuba in the context of the work to strengthen socialism in the realities of the 21st century. He began by clearly pointing out that the changes are part of an internal process of renewal and development and not the result of external pressures. He outlined the achievements of Cuba in the general standard of living of the people, including education, health and culture. He then explained that despite these positive aspects, the Cuban people, like the rest of the world are facing challenges. The three main challenges affecting Cuba now are: The effects of climate change (hurricanes and other natural disasters), the U.S. blockade of Cuba which has caused hundreds of billions of dollars of damages to the Cuban economy, and the global financial crisis. These factors have led the Cuban government to try and expand the economic base of the economy and expand its productive capacity.

He explained that in the state sector there is an excess of labour power and that an important part of the changes are aimed at expanding the economic base, through licensing of small businesses, developing foreign investment and foreign cooperation and expanding the tourism sector. The shifting of employment from the state sector, to other sectors will permit more productive capacity in the country he pointed out. In international relations he highlighted the growth of the Bolivarian Alliance for Peoples of Our Americas and the soon to be launched commonwealth of the Americas. When asked about how to ensure foreign investment serves the country and not a small group, Soberón affirmed that the concentration of private property is not permitted, and outlined how these changes are to ensure that foreign investment brings in: 1) technology, 2) capital 3) access to markets. Foreign investment must be a benefit to the Cuban economy to be permitted. He cited the example of the food processing sector in response to another question about food sovereignty, and explained that Cuba has increased its food production due to the use of urban and suburban agriculture and there is still more potential. However, he pointed out, without processing capacity, the full yield of the production can be wasted. This is an area in which foreign investment and technology is being explored. This example showed the audience how foreign investement is being viewed from a strategic and long-term view from the standpoint of how to expand the self-reliant nature of the economy so that it can provide for the people.

Soberón closed his presentation pointing out that when the U.S. government under George W. Bush had set up a "transitional government" in Cuba, the Cuba people gave a fitting response. They held a referendum in which they declared the irrevocable nature of the socialist character of the Cuban Revolution, and established the right of the Cuban people to stop any attempts to revert back to subjugation, up to and including the use of armed force.

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Campaign to Free the Cuban Five

New International Campaign Demands
Freedom for the Cuban Five

On May 3, a new international campaign was launched for the immediate release of five Cuban anti-terrorist fighters unjustly imprisoned in the United Status since 1998.

On the fifth of each month, according to the call by the International Committee to Free the Five, people from every part of the world should send emails, faxes and telegrams to demand that U.S. President Barack Obama free the Five.

Fernando Gonzalez, Ramon Labañino, Antonio Guerrero, Gerardo Hernandez and Rene Gonzalez are currently serving harsh sentences for gathering information on anti-Cuba plans by Miami-based terrorist groups.

"Let's demand that Obama uses his powers under the U.S. Constitution to end that colossal injustice," the committee said.

These days of action will have two new elements, because on April 25, the U.S. government asked a federal court in Miami to reject the habeas corpus petition filed by Gerardo Hernandez, who was sentenced to two life terms plus 15 years. A similar habeas corpus petition was filed three days later by Antonio Guerrero, who was re-sentenced to 21 years and 10 months in prison.

On May 3, President of the Cuban People's Power National Assembly Ricardo Alarcón decried the U.S. legal system for its arbitrary and unjust nature.

(Prensa Latina)

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Contracts Reveal Miami Journalists on
U.S. Government Payroll

A multi-year effort by the U.S. National Committee to Free the Cuban Five, the U.S. Partnership for Civil Justice Fund and Liberation newspaper has uncovered thousands of pages of previously unreleased materials that reveal that the U.S. government was paying Miami-based journalists who saturated the Miami media with reports that were highly inflammatory and prejudicial to the five Cuban anti-terrorism fighters during their trial in that U.S. city.

The Smith-Mundt Act of 1948 prohibits the U.S. government from funding activities to influence and propagandize domestic public opinion.

More than 2,200 pages of contracts between Miami journalists and Radio and TV Martí have been released thus far to Liberation newspaper through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) petition.

The Broadcasting Board of Governors -- an official U.S. government agency -- and its Office of Cuba Broadcasting have operated Radio Martí since 1985 and TV Martí since 1990.

The U.S. government has funneled nearly half a billion dollars into the Office of Cuba Broadcasting in Miami. With an annual budget nearing $35 million, the Office of Cuba Broadcasting and the Broadcasting Board of Governors put on their payroll domestic journalists to broadcast the same message inside and outside the United States on Cuba-related issues, effectively violating the law against domestic dissemination of U.S. propaganda.

These contracts evidence the U.S. government's payments to journalists in Miami whose reports constituted a sustained effort to create an atmosphere of hysteria and bias against Cuba and the Cuban Five.

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Case of the Cuban Five and the Media

TML is posting below an extract of a speech delivered by Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada, President of the Cuban National Assembly of People's Power, on May 3, at an event held jointly by the Latin American Federation of Journalists (FELAP) and the Cuban Association of Journalists (UPEC) for Press Freedom Day.

***

When the U.S. Government rejected Gerardo Hernández Nordelo's habeas corpus petition on April 25, it did so very categorically, without leaving any margin of doubt. Washington wants the court in Miami to declare his petition inadmissible and to do so summarily, without holding a hearing to examine its merits, without hearing Gerardo, without presenting the evidence it is hiding. This is how it responded to the last legal recourse of a human being sentenced to two life terms plus 15 years.

Washington asked for the appeals for Antonio Guerrero and René González to be dismissed in a similar manner.

These are three practically simultaneous actions that reveal the profoundly arbitrary and unjust nature of the U.S. system. They took place one week ago but have not become news, save for the mentions in our media.

The media dictatorship is probably currently the most efficient instrument in imperialism's political hegemony. It largely dominates information on a global scale, determining what people are allowed to know and blocking whatever it wishes to conceal, with an iron fist.

The battle for the freedom of our Five compatriots can only be won if we understand this essential fact in today's world, and are capable of acting accordingly.

Such iron-clad censorship is not accidental. Part of Gerardo's appeal is based precisely on the concealment of evidence and the perverse function of the so-called information media.

It has to do with a case that practically no-one outside of Miami is aware of. The great media corporations imposed total silence toward the outside world while their correspondents in that city joined with the local media with their dubious reputation, in order to unleash a virulent campaign against the accused which contributed to creating what three judges from the Court of Appeals described as a "perfect storm" of prejudice and hostility, on which basis they decided to dismiss the trial.

Judge Lenard herself repeatedly protested the provocative actions that these supposed journalists were carrying out which created fear among the jurors who felt threatened.

In 2006 it was revealed that these provocateurs had received payments from the U.S. government to perform their dirty work. Since that date, various organizations in the United States have called on Washington to turn over the data it is hiding regarding the reach of the conspiracy whose existence is more than sufficient to prove the scandalous prevarication of the authorities.

For five years, those friends in the U.S. have engaged in efforts as noble as they are lonely, which have been completely unreported by the corporate media and very little has filtered out through those who consider themselves their alternative.

And so it has not been difficult for the U.S. government to maintain its obstinate position and continue imposing secrecy.

Nor has it found it particularly difficult to keep the satellite imagery it jealously guards from public view about the incident of February 24, 1996. Fifteen years ago it did not allow the investigators from the International Civil Aviation Organization to view them, it refused to present them to the court in Miami, and now it has reiterated its refusal. Its attitude of impeding others from seeing the proof that only Washington can access is so obvious and suspicious that in its lengthy 123 page argument with three appendices against Gerardo, it barely alludes to the matter in a twisted five line paragraph.

Allow me a brief review. Gerardo Hernández Nordelo had absolutely nothing to do with the downing of the aircraft on February 24, 1996. The U.S. government itself, that of W. Bush, acknowledged the lack of proof to sustain its accusation against Gerardo and asked to withdraw it at the last minute. It did so in an official document, titled "Emergency Petition" and which, according to they themselves, constituted an unprecedented action in the history of that country.

Here is the document, dated May 25, 2001, soon it will be ten years old, but as far as those who call themselves "information media" it does not exist. I have inherited a certain tendency toward obstinacy from my Andalucian ancestors, and that's why I carry it with me from time to time, because even gypsies believe in chance. You never know. Maybe one day someone will discover that this document exists.

Returning to the event of February 24, 1996. No U.S. court had jurisdiction over the matter, unless it had occurred in international airspace. The investigation performed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) revealed something surprising. Despite being warned beforehand by their government, the U.S. radar stations either did not register the event or offered contradictory data or destroyed the data. The only proof supplied by U.S. authorities is the testimony from the captain of a boat that operated -- by coincidence? -- out of Miami.

And so, the interest, first by the ICAO and later by Gerardo's defense team, in the satellite imagery. The U.S. government never denied the existence of these images, it admitted having them, but it put a fifteen year prohibition on allowing anyone else to see them.

How can it be explained that they have successfully managed to hide them for such a long time? Simply because their revealing conduct has never become news, because they have been able to count on the complicity of the enormous media corporations, but also, it must be said, on our own laziness.

The worst enemy of press freedom is the media dictatorship exercised by the huge corporations which manipulate information and substitute an industry of deceit.

This dictatorship imposes the news menu that circulates through our newsrooms, its codes of language and interpretation circulating along with it. If we wish to develop truthful journalism, capable of transforming itself into a real alternative, it's essential to go beyond the menu and find the truth in other sources. It is a professional necessity but also a duty of solidarity with those who, lacking resources, are waging hard battles alone. Assisting in the articulation of their scattered efforts is the obligation of a revolutionary press. It's also the best recipe for curing the infection from those codes that circulate, often inadvertently, among ourselves.

Acting this way, we can also make news. Without inventing it or fabricating it, like the inventions and fabrications that are so abundant on the menu we are served day and night. By breaking the chains that lock up the truths such as those I've allowed myself to mention here. We ought to be, finally, like Julio Antonio Mella wanted us to be: "Thinking beings not driven ones."

Text read as part of a speech given on May 3, 2011, in an event held jointly by the Latin American Federation of Journalists (FELAP) and the Cuban Association of Journalists (UPEC) for Press Freedom Day.

(Translation from original Spanish by Machetera of the Tlaxcala Translators Network.)

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Continued Attempts to Undermine Revolutionary Cuba

Informative Note from the Revolutionary Government

A new slander campaign is being orchestrated against the Revolution, in this case, around the death from acute pancreatitis of Cuban Juan Wilfredo Soto García, which took place May 8 in the Santa Clara Arnaldo Milián Castro Provincial Hospital.

Counterrevolutionary elements have unscrupulously fabricated the lie that Soto García's death was the result of an alleged beating by agents of the Ministry of the Interior, a lie that was rapidly amplified by the disinformation media, fundamentally in Europe and the United States, where even certain government spokespersons have expressed concern over this alleged event.

On May 6, Soto García was admitted to the aforementioned hospital with intense abdominal pain provoked by acute pancreatitis. Moreover, he was subsequently diagnosed with decompensation brought about by other internal disorders such as dilated myocardiopathy, hyperlipidemia (excess of fat in the blood), diabetes and chronic hepatitis produced by fatty liver disease.

The autopsy performed on the patient established death from natural causes, the preliminary one being "multifactorial shock resulting from multi-organ failure due to pancreatitis." There were no signs of internal or external violence.

Juan Wilfredo Soto García, aged 46 years, had a criminal record for public order disturbances, theft and serious assault, for which he served a two-year prison term.

He was recently linked to counterrevolutionary elements, who utilized him for provocative activities. The latest of these took place on May 5 in a Santa Clara park, involving public disorder, whereupon Soto García was taken to a police station and released three hours later without incident whatsoever.

At a time when widespread popular support for the results of the 6th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) is being reaffirmed and the Cuban people are involved in implementing the approved guidelines, external and internal enemies are attempting to distort Cuban realities and undermine the international prestige of the Revolution and its moral strength.

As General of the Army Raúl Castro Ruz, President of the Councils of State and Ministers, stated in the central report to the 6th Communist Party of Cuba Congress:

"We have patiently endured the implacable disinformation campaigns about human rights, coordinated from the United States and some countries within the European Union that demand from us no less than unconditional surrender and the immediate dismantling of our socialist system while encouraging, directing and assisting domestic mercenaries in breaking the law."

The Revolution has always been defended with the truth and invincible strength of the people, who trust in the strength of the ideas of justice which made it possible.

(Translated by Granma International)

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Cuba Despises Lies

Testimonies from family members, medical specialists and local people confirm that Cuba is once again witnessing a crude media attack.

As stated in the Informative Note from the Revolutionary Government, the death due to natural causes of a Cuban citizen resident in Villa Clara province, continues to be the subject of manipulation by the disinformation corporate media.


Rosa Soto Garcia

According to Rosa Soto García, sister of the deceased, Juan Wilfredo Soto García suffered from a number of disorders, including gout, high blood pressure, migraines and heart dilation, for which he had been receiving treatment for many years. She also acknowledged that her brother led a very disorganized life and did not follow doctors' orders.

"That business about him being beaten is one big lie. He didn't have a mark on his body, it's all a counterrevolutionary propaganda invention. We are very distressed about this campaign that has been set up, it's causing a lot of pain within the family," she said, while expressing her gratitude for the medical attention her brother received.

"And, look, if we're angry, the day of the funeral, my brother's son, just 14 years of age, was so sickened by the attitude of the 'dissidents' that he asked them to leave the cemetery," Rosa affirmed.

Madelín Soto, Soto's niece, whom he treated like his own daughter, also expressed her surprise at the orchestrated maneuver. "I went to see him in the hospital and didn't see any signs of violence on him. Moreover, if they had so much as scratched him, he would definitely have told me, because he totally trusted me."


Yasmil Pérez Rodríguez

Law student Yasmil Pérez Rodríguez, Madelín's husband, who took the deceased citizen to the hospital, confirmed that on Friday, May 6, Soto's daughter appeared at his home in a desperate state, asking him to go to the doctor's with her father. "When I got there, he was sweating, couldn't feel his feet, and we even had to take him down from the fourth floor in a wheelchair. Once in the Arnaldo Milián admissions department, they did various analyses, he was given all kinds of medication, but his body did not respond favorably. Given his worsening condition, he was taken to intensive care, where he remained as a patient until his death."

Yasmil added that he was with his wife's uncle from 9:00am on Friday, May 6 until the following day, and had plenty of opportunity to talk with him, take him to the bathroom and undress him, and that he never saw the least mark of violence on his body. "If it were true what those people are saying, he would definitely have told her (Madelín) because there were no secrets between the two of them."

On the day of the incidents related to the alleged beating, as was his habit, Soto was in Vidal Park from very early in the morning, according to a number of witnesses, among them a group of self-employed workers who sell flowers there, and other people working in the area. They detailed the events of May 5 involving the deceased man.

Jorge Alvarez Cabrera, a flower seller, said that around 9:00am he heard someone shouting counterrevolutionary slogans and saw that the person was Soto García, whom he knew from his frequent presence in the park.

"I saw two police agents, one of them a woman, lead him to the patrol car, without using the least bit of force, and he even got into the car himself." He recalls that a short while later, the subject was back in the park, and even asked him for "a light," but he told him that he didn't smoke.

Amado Gómez Rodríguez, another flower seller, stated that that day Soto looked perfectly normal, with his customary strength, without any sign of the supposed "beating" to which the enemies of the Revolution refer.

A while later he was seen entering a lunch counter in the basement of the Santa Clara Libre Hotel, where he had a snack, according to the workers there.

Juan Wilfredo Soto's serious health problems did not begin that day, but long before, according to Dr. Nestor Vega Alonso, internal medicine specialist, who has frequently treated the patient since 2008.

Dr. Vega Alonso recalled that that year, Soto was admitted to Medical Room C suffering from generalized edema and high blood pressure. On further examination, the medical staff detected a dilated heart, which is very serious, as well as gout and diabetes mellitus, all of which indicated a potentially life-threatening prognosis.

The doctor noted that Soto often came to his out-patient clinic with symptoms of ventricular dysfunction and high blood pressure, as well as a very high triglyceride count, one of the most frequent causes of pancreatitis, the illness which subsequently led to his death.


Dr. Ricardo Rodríguez Jorge

According to Ricardo Rodríguez Jorge, a forensic doctor of more than 14 years' experience, who performed the autopsy, the cause of death was acute pancreatitis, with hemorrhaging on the pancreatic tail and body. As a result of the former pathologies all the parameters were altered by decompensation.

The specialist stated that the autopsy revealed no signs of external or internal violence on the upper or lower body. The cranium and neck were normal and the thorax presented lungs typical of a smoker, with a heart of increased volume.

In relation to the counterrevolutionary version that the alleged beating could have triggered pancreatitis, Dr. Rodríguez confirmed that this is impossible, emphasizing that in order to reach the pancreas, a trauma would have to be visible. As acknowledged by the medical personnel and Soto's family, he did not show any signs of contusion whatsoever.

In the face of this irrefutable evidence, one has to ask how it is possible to continue lying. Is not the experience of more than 50 years of a Revolution without a single case of torture, disappearance or murder sufficient?

Cuba despises lies.

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Fabricating Pretexts

Disinformation Campaigns Directed Against Cuba

The Cuban Revolution has been the object of hundreds of disinformation campaigns, usually orchestrated by the U.S. government with the complicity of European allies in conjunction with the powerful forces and interests which control the corporate media. However, they have not been able to divert Cubans from their ideals of independence and socialism, nor confuse the peoples of the planet who, despite everything, are led by wisdom and instinct to the truth. They are campaigns without political or ethical constraints which come up against the moral force of Cuba and merely tarnish their authors.

The most recent, which came from their prizewinning informants, was deflated in 72 hours. Lying politicians, the media which slandered out of political interest and journalists who reported an incident which never took place without even attempting to confirm it, must not be given impunity. At the very least, they should admit their error and apologize to the family whose grief they failed to respect.

Curiously, all of them remain silent in the face of the millions of civilian deaths in Iraq and Afghanistan which they define as "collateral damage," as well as in the face of extrajudicial executions with drone aircraft in sovereign countries.

They have maintained a prudent silence in relation to the use of torture, have covered up the existence of secret U.S. prisons in Europe, have prevented investigations into the crimes committed in Abu Ghraib and the Guantánamo Naval Base -- this latter usurped from Cuba -- and the CIA secret flights transporting persons kidnapped in other states.

They remain unmoved at the brutal way in which European governments are inflicting the consequences of the economic crisis on the poorest members of society and immigrants. They look the other way when the unemployed or students in those wealthy societies are repressed with exceptional violence.

However, they are constantly hunting out pretexts for denigrating Cuba, and when these are lacking, they fabricate them.

They shamelessly converted a case of acute pancreatitis into political murder; a justified detention by police of less than three hours for public order offenses without any use of force into a fatal beating; a person with a criminal record sentenced to two years' imprisonment for a common crime into a political dissident and the victim of a lengthy prison term.

The Cuban people share the protests of the family whose pain has been offended and the indignation of doctors virtually accused of complicity in a homicide. The world has more than sufficient examples of the humanistic vocation of our doctors, who have been unstinting in their efforts and, risking their own lives, have provided and are providing health services in many parts of the world.

American legislator David Rivera, famous for electoral corruption and his extremist campaigns to eliminate the right of émigré Cubans to travel to their country of origin, and who just a few weeks ago, accused former President Carter of being a Cuban agent, affirmed under oath in the U.S. Congress that the dead man was beaten to death in Villa Clara's central Vidal Park last Sunday.

He didn't even take the trouble to verify what even the most ill-intentioned acknowledge, that the deceased was in the park before and after his brief detention on Thursday, May 5, not on Sunday, when he was already in hospital. It is not surprising that Rivera should lie, but that he should do so with such stupidity.

Salafranca, a Euro deputy from Spain's Partido Popular (PP), known for his anti-Cuban and pro-yankee attitudes, and who has said that reports on the CIA secret flights do not contribute any additional information and refrains from any condemnation of them, affirmed in the European Parliament that the individual "died after his detention and from a beating by the Cuban police."

El País, from the Spain of the Prisa Group and People's Party (PP) conspiracies, published a cable titled "Cuba dissident dies after police beating." The ABC, historically in the service of the worst causes, stated "Cuban opposition member dies after a beating from Castro's police." They are not interested in confirming the veracity of the alleged incidents and have not even bothered to disguise the conspiracy with different titles.

Even President Barack Obama himself, in response to a question from the highly tendentious Univisión network in Miami, referred to the events in Vidal Park which never took place, while stating that the details were not as yet clear.

It is strange that Obama, always so busy, retained in his memory the case of a person arrested in a Cuban park to which he was able to return shortly afterwards. However, he has not said anything and possibly does not even recall the anguished face or the account of young Iraqi Samar Hassan, published in the New York Times on May 7, concerning the terrible experience of the murder of her parents by a U.S. patrol when they were returning from the hospital after her little brother had received treatment for injuries.

But, in the case of Cuba, the worst offense is not the constant fabrication and reproduction of lies. What is unpardonable is the censuring of the great truths and the history of a heroic and blockaded people, who have been capable of achieving what for the great majority of humanity is still a dream.

In the past, there have been attempts to isolate Cuba or provoke internal disorders in order to create a pretext for U.S. intervention. What is the object of these campaigns? Just to denigrate, or something worse? Could it be that those pulling the strings and their paid internal agents would be delighted to invoke the "protection of civilians" in order to bomb Havana?

Our people will not allow themselves to be confused by internal counterrevolutionaries who are seeking a media pretext in order to promote a conflict with the United States, and they know how to respond with serenity and firmness to the actions of these mercenaries.

The arguments of the Cuban Revolution are not fabricated like the lies of our enemies, they are constructed with the dignity and integrity of our people, who have learnt that the truth is the cleanest weapon of humanity.

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Latin America and Carribean

Preparatory Meeting for OAS Counter Organisation, CELAC, Held in Venezuela


Delegates from CELAC´s member states meet at Hotel Gran Meliá Caracas, April 26, 2011. (YVKE Mundial)

On April 26 at the Melia Caracas Hotel, 29 representatives from Latin American and Caribbean states attended a meeting to organise the preliminary agenda and structure of CELAC -- the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, an organisation that hopes to counter the influence of the U.S in the region.

The meeting was convened in order to establish the foundations for the first summit of the recently formed organisation -- due to be held on July 5 in Caracas. In a meeting that lasted several hours, the 29 delegates out of CELAC's 33 member states deliberated on the principal issues that will constitute the main points of discussion at the July conference. The delegates also paid specific attention to CELAC's constitution.

The meeting ended with the signing of a structural document that defines the CELA. This document will be considered over the next 30 days by the delegates and member heads of state for approval before the July summit.

"This political event is the most important, and has more potential, than any others that have taken place in our America in a hundred years or more," said Chavez at the beginning of the meeting.

Some of the key issues to be addressed in the July summit are the approval of a human rights charter and a fund to finance poverty eradication. Other topics on the agenda include; food security, health, education, technology and sports strategies. Chile and Venezuela, who are jointly presiding over the forum, will be in charge of drafting up any further documents in the interim.

The official inauguration of CELAC in July will coincide with the bicentenary of Venezuela's independence and denotes a significant milestone in regional integration and autonomous organisation -- independent of representatives from the USA and Canada.

The Architects of an Alternative

CELAC was first initiated in February 2010 at a Latin American and Caribbean Unity Summit in Cancún, Mexico, just eight months after the coup which ousted democratically elected Honduran President Manuel Zelaya.

Citing a need for a forum which 'consolidates and projects the Latin American and Caribbean identity,' the organisation is founded upon the following principles -- which the organisation describes as the "common values" of Latin American and Caribbean culture.

* Respect for International Law and the Charter of the United Nations
* The sovereign equality of states
* The non-use, nor the threat of use, of force
* Democracy
* Respect for Human Rights
* Respect for the environment, taking into consideration the environmental, economic, and social pillars of sustainable development
* International cooperation for sustainable development
* The unity and integration of Latin American and Caribbean countries
* An ongoing dialogue that promotes peace and regional security

Similar to projects such as the ALBA (The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America), CELAC is another organisation aimed at promoting regional cooperation and at offsetting Western dominance in the region, particularly that of the USA.

However, unlike the ALBA -- an economic bloc based on mutually beneficial trade agreements and which rejects the economic paradigm of neo-liberalism -- CELAC is a representative body that will include all Latin American and Caribbean nations and aims to become "the region's most representative interlocutor vis-à-vis main international actors, other groups of countries and regional organizations."

CELAC is specifically designed to represent and increase Latin America and the Caribbean's presence and influence on the international stage -- or to enhance the "Latin American and Caribbean agenda on global forums." Theoretically, membership of CELAC should not depend on whether the right or left win at the ballot box as is the case with ALBA. However, although not of a strictly leftist agenda, CELAC clearly has progressive tendencies.

Different to the OAS?

Whilst the U.S. government has denied that CELAC is of any detriment to the regional influence of the OAS (Organisation of American States, which includes all of the CELAC countries as well as the U.S. and Canada), some observers have remarked that the organisation could eventually end up replacing the OAS; or, if not replacing it entirely, then certainly act as a counter-balancing agency. A brief comparison reveals important differences between the two organisations.

In contrast to the OAS, whose "four main pillars" are; democracy, human rights, security, and development, CELAC stresses its commitment to "sovereignty," "multilateralism," "the right of any state to establish its own political system" and specifies its dedication to "sustainable" development.

Furthermore, whereas the OAS does not make reference to economic factors, interestingly CELAC's declaration hints at certain economic concepts that have come to be related to the development of the democratic left in recent years.

Although economic models are not mentioned explicitly, CELAC highlights that the organisation will strive for "social welfare," "equality and the widest social justice" "independent development," whilst taking into account "the importance of ensuring favourable treatment for the small vulnerable economies and land-locked and island developing states" -- clearly rejecting the neo-liberal consensus.

Finally, the inclusion of a democracy clause seeks to prevent any further coups, such as the recent coups in Honduras and Haiti and the attempted coups in Ecuador and Venezuela.

Changing Relations; Bolivar Unites America's 'Back Yard'

Perhaps one of the most striking aspects in the development of CELAC is not the rhetoric employed by some of the more radical currents in the region, but that used by centre or centre-right administrations. Although certainly not an admission of any socialist tendencies, quotes such as the following suggest at least a tentative commitment to regional unity.

"We are here constructing the basic regulatory architecture for the functioning of this new institution We are constructing the dream of integration that the Liberator [Simon Bolivar] sought for all of Latin American and the Caribbean," said Fernando Schmidt, Chile's centre-right Vice-Chancellor.

Whether this is purely pragmatism; representing the right's attempts to respond to changing power relationships in the region, the creation of CELAC may suggest that a real unison of Latin American and Caribbean nations is not only becoming a reality, but also that serious changes in the political dynamics of the region and hemisphere are taking place.

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